Design Matters: Julia Sweeny

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Debbie Millman speaks with Julia Sweeny about the unexpected turns of her career, how comedy became a way to navigate trauma and identity, and how embracing contradiction and reinvention shaped both her work and her life.

Julia Sweeney is a writer, performer, and actor whose work spans Saturday Night Live, acclaimed television roles, and a groundbreaking body of one-woman shows that blend wit, humor, intelligence, and inquiry to redefine personal storytelling. She joins to reflect on the unexpected turns of her career, how comedy became a way to navigate trauma and identity, and how embracing contradiction and reinvention shaped both her work and her life.


Julia Sweeney: All that stuff, but I couldnโ€™t believe anymore. So then I had to live in a world without God. And actually I think thatโ€™s a more beautiful world and itโ€™s a more realistic world. And I think itโ€™s a true world. That being said, Iโ€™ve rejoined the Catholic church.

Curtis Fox: Design Matters Debbie talks with some of the most creative people in the world about what they do, how they got to be who they are, and what theyโ€™re thinking about and working on. On this episode, a conversation with Julia Sweeney about her career in comedy and performance, and about the attractions of Catholicism.

Julia Sweeney: And the music? Come on, it canโ€™t be beat.


Debbie Millman: Julia Sweeney is a writer, a performer, and an actor whose career has taken a path that very few people could have predicted. She first came to fame as a cast member on Saturday Night Live, where she created one of the most memorable and complicated characters of that era. She has also appeared in the Hulu series Shrill, the Showtime series Work in Progress, the Starz series American Gods, and had a recurring role on Frasier. Her performance work has broadened through a series of one-woman shows where she has shared her crises, contradictions, and questions, and created an utterly original form of storytelling that blends wit and humor with intelligence and inquiry. Her work has been performed on stages across the country, adapted into books and films, and has helped redefine how personal narrative is performed. Julia Sweeney, welcome to Design Matters.

Julia Sweeney: Thanks for having me.

Debbie Millman: Julia, is it true you wanted to be a nun growing up simply because you like their outfits?

Julia Sweeney: Well, thatโ€™s partly a joke. I actually like their lifestyle as well.

Debbie Millman: Oh, interesting. So you like that whole celibate, praying to God kind of.

Julia Sweeney: Well, not the celibate part. But I went to all girls Catholic school and the nuns were absolutely the feminists in my particular environment. They were women who had chosen not to marry to devote themselves to education. They all live together in this convent. And this particular convent for my high school seemed very, I just wanted to move in. That seemed like a much better future than the future of having lots of kids. Although I think thatโ€™s a perfectly wonderful future for someone now. But at the time they were the feminists and I still see many of the nuns that way. I really do admire the nun lifestyle.

Debbie Millman: Youโ€™ve described growing up in Spokane as something like a Norman Rockwell painting. You were the oldest of five children in a devout, tight-knit Catholic household. You said that your family did everything as a gang. What were the kinds of things you were all doing together?

Julia Sweeney: Well, I have to say, this is fun for me to remember because my mom, as we all do, changed personalities over the years andโ€ฆ My best memories of her are when I was really young and there were five little kids and she would take us out like strawberry gathering and do a whole strawberry with shortcake and whipped cream thing in the kitchen. Or she really loved the chaos of little kids, especially before they could question anything that she was doing, which, you know, Iโ€™m sympathetic with. And yeah, and we laughed a lot. It was a lot of laughter in the young household before the drugs and alcohol really got a foothold in the family, I would say there was a lot of us all in the car together, all going out over to grandmaโ€™s, all going out. Used to go out to the cemetery a lot and sit amongst all the graves. It was almost like kind of the Mexican tradition of doing that, but we were Irish Catholics, but we, that was just a destination, the cemetery. And so I have a lot of happy memories of that. And we all, and of course we were going to mass all the time and we all went to Catholic schools, but that was just, you could walk to, so we were together a lot.

Debbie Millman: Given the subsequent issue with drugs and alcohol, you really became what youโ€™ve described as the face of dignity in your family. How did the two realities of strawberry picking and then having to deal with really such profound issues at such a young age affect you?

Julia Sweeney: Well, for one thing, Iโ€™m still processing it all, so Iโ€™m still in process. But I would say where I am now thinking about it, and this is common for families that have a lot of trauma, and that doesnโ€™t mean there isnโ€™t a lot of love and laughter, but a lot of addiction issues and a lot of difficult personality issues, that one of the kids kind of becomes the public face. And that was me. So like I was always doing really well at school, doing things that brought pride to the family. My parents could point to me and say, look what a good job we did. And then often thereโ€™s another sibling who becomes what they call the scapegoat. And, you know, I also hate these kind of pejorative psychological stereotypes, but they hilariously fit my family. So theyโ€™re useful as well. So like my brother Bill was breaking into peopleโ€™s houses, doing a lot of drugs, failing at school, know, a truant. I have so much compassion for him. I did even at the time when he was still alive. Like I remember standing on a street corner saying, do you not understand these are roles that we have been put into? Like, you donโ€™t have to be that person. And I, in a lot of ways, I was just lucky enough to be a person who got assigned the role of the public facing achiever because first of all, it allowed me to live, which many people didnโ€™t in my family andโ€ฆ It gave me the tools to process it, which the other, some of the other kids did not have. So anyway, I donโ€™t know if that answers your question.

Debbie Millman: No, it does. As I was preparing and doing my research for our interview, I was also the oldest of four, three brothers and myself. I was also the sort of appointed face of dignity, overachiever, look at what Debbieโ€™s doing, which was really hard for my brothers. Because they were, well, why canโ€™t you be like your sister? And Iโ€™m like, they donโ€™t want to be like me. Iโ€™m hiding so much stuff that they donโ€™t want to have to ever think about. But itโ€™s interesting how we take on that role. And I know you also were quite a caretaker to your brothers.

Julia Sweeney: Oh, yeah. I was very much the caretaker and grew up thinking, I mean, Iโ€™m only just dealing with this psychologically now. From such an early age, I felt capable. That was the word, like I can do it. I would look at my mom and think, oh, I could do that better than you. Like, oh, youโ€™re having trouble getting the dinner on the table. That seems easy to me. You know, like I can do that. I can clean this room. I can clean that room. And I used to think, oh, it was so narcissistic in a way, but I also donโ€™t blame myself either because I filled the needed spot. And I just thought, I can do everything and Iโ€™ll have enough energy left over to do the things I want. And itโ€™s only now that I think, no, you didnโ€™t have enough energy left over to do the things you wanted. It really took up all your energy to do that. Yeah.

Debbie Millman: Youโ€™ve said that your instinct to make people laugh may have been tied to things not being directly addressed at home.

Julia Sweeney: Oh yeah, for sure.

Debbie Millman: When you think about that period now, how did those sort of two tracks of life and personality all track to each other?

Julia Sweeney: Well, first I had a dad with an incredibly great sense of humor and a wonderful storytelling instinct. And he exposed me to a lot of other great storytellers and comedians. So I had good role models in that way. But I now see me being able to either just rant to my girlfriends or to my siblings about what was frustrating me about our parents and then other siblings too. Was the same level of relief that my brother got from doing drugs. You you separated yourself from it. You got the endorphins and the dopamine hit from people laughing. You got to share in this eruption of sound of laughter over the absurdity and the inability to escape the absurdity of the situation. It worked exactly like a drug. And yeah, what a great drug. Iโ€™m not knocking it. Iโ€™m just saying that. I now see we all had our ways. So like my sister Meg, she just withdrew. She just withdrew into herself.

Debbie Millman: In Japan.

Julia Sweeney: Yeah, and then she moved to Japan, where sheโ€™s been for 40 years. And sheโ€™s at my momโ€™s funeral, which was last summer. Meg said, my only way to escape our mom was to literally move to the other side of the earth and learn in a completely different culture. And language. That is very different, Japanese culture and language. And she didnโ€™t move to Tokyo. She moved to a small, the smallest of the bigger islands in Japan in a city that has like eight million people and four foreigners. I mean, like, she went there. And I just said, Meg, I feel so glad that you had the wherewithal to do that. That was a big thing to do.

Debbie Millman: Well, overachieving and productivity are as addictive as anything

Julia Sweeney: And it keeps you busy so you are destracted by how sad everything is.

Debbie Millman: All that being said, you were voted funniest girl in school year after year.

Julia Sweeney: Thatโ€™s true.

Debbie Millman: What kind of humor were you developing? Was it just sort of a natural wit and whimsy or was it more of aโ€ฆ well thought out way of talking about funny things, joking, the beginning of stand up. Talk about your humor at that time.

Julia Sweeney: Iโ€™m not even sure. I mean, I remember my first time I got my big laugh and I think it was second grade. Thereโ€™d been an article about horse meat was being used in the local hamburger stand. Itโ€™s probably not even this likeโ€ฆ

Debbie Millman: The bugle?

Julia Sweeney: Yes, the bugle thing.

Debbie Millman: Itโ€™s funny.

Julia Sweeney: Itโ€™s so funny because when I told my husband that, he said, did you even make that? Joke up and I said no I donโ€™t think so. I think I might have heard that joke somewhere but I remembered it or maybe it wasnโ€™t a bugle or something. Anyway I got a huge laugh and it was like somebody shot me with something heroin or something. It was absolutely I could feel it in my bloodstream like oh god oh that felt good and I guess I was good at seeing ironic things and hypocritical things. And I was good at saying them not in a way that made people so upset, that got most of the room to laugh with me. I donโ€™t know why that is actually. I donโ€™t think it was thought out. I just did that.

Debbie Millman: At the same time, I believe you were also competing in debates. You were writing and delivering monologues. What were you writing about back then?

Julia Sweeney: I remember Walcott Gibb had a where you memorize like a paragraph that was about a funny, itโ€™s very early David Sedaris kind of stuff, you know, like a play gone wrong. You know, somebody, I remember Ring Out Wild Bells was a Wolcott Gibb short story that I memorized and performed over and over again. And it was just all about a guy who doesnโ€™t sew all the bells onto his costume before the play. Until heโ€™s on stage during the play. And every time he moves, the bells ring out so loud, no one can hear anything. And itโ€™s just beautifully written and hilarious. So I liked that. I liked catastrophic calamity. I loved things where thereโ€™s a small thing going wrong and then youโ€™re gonna watch it get worse and worse and worse as the plot goes on. Of course my family was always a big font of material.

Debbie Millman: You went on to attend the University of Washington where you served as student body vice president, continuing the overachievement. You studied economics while taking history and film classes. And is it true you were studying economics in response to your motherโ€™s very practical question about what a history degree would end up leading to?

Julia Sweeney: Well, my mom likes business, not because she likes business, but because she likes, she came from a family, her brother at least, and her, where they just like, they were very Reagan-y before Reagan, you know, like, get out there and make a lot of money. And neither of those people made any money. They had no idea how to make any money. But they had this idea that business was like a club. You just had to learn a few rules. So my mom always had these ideas. She was gonna have a sing-along bar andโ€ฆ And then if you asked her any practical questions about it, she wouldnโ€™t have, you know, sad really. She just had no idea. And then her brother would get into crazy business things. He ended up at Lompoc prison for many years for laundering money. Like they just were terrible with money. Thatโ€™s how you get ahead. And you get ahead by making contacts with people. You gotta get in there and know itโ€™s not about skills. Itโ€™s about who you know. So she kept pushing me to have a business degree. And then I didnโ€™t want to do that. I have no interest in that, but I did, I was interested in economics, mostly the economics of the poor. I was really kind of a socialist, almost communist, when it was not fashionable, when Reagan was running for president. And I loved it. So I thought Iโ€™ll just take an economics class to kind of satisfy my mother, who by the way, they werenโ€™t even paying for my college. Why was I even listening to them? But somehow I thought, oh, I have to do what they say, even though Iโ€™m paying for my own college.

Debbie Millman: Dutiful daughter.

Julia Sweeney: I know, dutiful daughter. And I took Economics 101 and I would say one of my, not big regrets, everythingโ€™s turned out okay, but I wish I had stuck with economics because I still to this day canโ€™t get enough of economics. I love it. But in a big scale, not in a business way, but like economics of the world kind of way.

Debbie Millman: One piece of advice that she did give you that I was really inspired by, she was talking about who you were gonna marry and you said you wanted to marry a doctor and she said, donโ€™t marry a doctor, be a doctor.

Julia Sweeney: I know that was good. Itโ€™s so funny. Iโ€™m sure at least two years later sheโ€™d say, oh, marry a doctor for a lot of sad reasons. But you know.

Debbie Millman: Oh, that was why when you were talking about your brother and somebody had said in the family, wish somebody had married a doctor.

Julia Sweeney: Right, right. But you know, like everyone, she had a lot of contradictory things to say. I think she mostly wanted me to marry somebody wealthy to take care of me. Thatโ€™s kind of what you did. And thatโ€™s common for women, you know?

Debbie Millman: Well, mothers back then, weโ€™re in the same generation, so they wanted us to be well taken care of. This was probably before women could even have credit cards.

Julia Sweeney: Yeah. Oh, yeah, for sure. Oh, I have so many sad stories about that. My mom trying to save money because she was going to leave my dad, but she didnโ€™t have any money. And like getting $50 together. I mean, like, the saddest.

Debbie Millman: While you were in schoolโ€ฆ You were essentially living in a movie theater. You were working there, working long hours at the Varsity Theater. What were you learning about storytelling from watching that volume of films?

Julia Sweeney: Well, I was lucky, lucky, lucky to go to the University of Washington. And my first week I met Jim Emerson, who became and still is a lifelong great friend. And he became a film critic and lived in L. A. And worked for the Orange County Register for many years as a film critic. So film lover. And then my film professors, Richard and Kathleen. I loved both of them. I took all the film classes and we all were going to movies. And then I was part of the founding of the Seattle Film Society, this little group with little mimeographed essays about different films. And so working at the movie theater, they only had curtains. I had to hear the movies over and over again. So thereโ€™s a few movies that I really almost know by heart. Watching people coming in and out, watching the film over and over again. I dated the projectionist for a while and we both could, you know, itโ€™s very sexy and great. And then just being around these wonderful people who kind of taught me about storytelling.

Debbie Millman: Yet you moved to Los Angeles intending to work in accounting in the film industry. I need you to say this again. You moved to Los Angeles to become an accountant.

Julia Sweeney: Yes, thatโ€™s right. You know, Bob Newhart also did that.

Debbie Millman: No, I didnโ€™t know that.

Julia Sweeney: Yes, we bonded over that. He told me I was the only other one besides him, so itโ€™s the two of us. He did a lot better in the comedy department, but I just wanted to be near show business. I couldnโ€™t imagine having the guts to say I wanted to be in show business. I would never have thought that.

Debbie Millman: Why?

Julia Sweeney: I donโ€™t know. I just didnโ€™t let myself dream like that. I just thought Iโ€™ll be an accountant on a film and then Iโ€™ll be around and all.

Debbie Millman: Well, your dream job, your dream accounting job that youโ€™d been promised at MGM Studios fell through when you got a job as an assistant bartender selling drink tickets at a downtown hotel. This next series of questions is really part of, I think, the Julia Sweeney mythology. As reported by Ira Glass and Mark Maron and so forth, but we do have to talk about it because itโ€™s so funny. But during that experience, after finding out that your employer wouldnโ€™t pay for your parking at the hotel you were working, you essentially became a criminal.

Julia Sweeney: I did become a criminal. And Iโ€™m telling you, I still think about that. Every week at some moment, Iโ€™ll think of that. Itโ€™s also interesting how easy it was to become a criminal.

Debbie Millman: So talk about what happened. Tell our audience that might not have heard the This American Life episodes with Ira Glass or your interview with Mark Maron. Tell us what happened.

Julia Sweeney: Well, I was working at this hotel and they didnโ€™t pay for parking. And parking was like $15. There was no place to park near this hotel, it was downtown. And downtown was really being developed. And it was like scary to be parking far away. So I was paying for the parking. An I told them I wanted them to pay, they wouldnโ€™t pay. And then I just thought, Iโ€™m going to just sell some drink ticket. Iโ€™m gonna take drink tickets they donโ€™t know about and sell them on the side, enough to pay for the parking. And that was easy enough. But then I thought, they also doesnโ€™t pay for my meal. And sometimes I have to work like 12 hours. So Iโ€™ll take enough to pay for the meal. And then it really just kept going. Like I just kept, like it was so easy to do. And over the years I worked there, it did add up to like an amount of money that if I wasnโ€™t talking about myself years later, I could have been convicted for, but it really made me understand how easy it is to get into a situation like that where you just start taking a little bit, taking a little bit more.

Debbie Millman: You started doing. What you described as really kind of nutty things where you would increase the danger of it. You have described it as if you were flirting with getting caught. So in terms of the way in which you were taking the money, what kinds of things were you doing?

Julia Sweeney: Like I had a Volkswagen bug and I would have the money that I had taken and I would just leave it on the seat of the car and not lock the car. Like I wonder ifโ€ฆ

Debbie Millman: Was it ever stolen?

Julia Sweeney: No. But like thatโ€™s really nutty behavior. Yeah, things like that. I canโ€™t even remember the other things. Itโ€™s actually so shameful. Itโ€™s so shameful. I feel so filled with regret over that. Mean, itโ€™s like Iโ€™m talking about someone else.

Debbie Millman: Well, I think that, not to be your psychologist in any of this, but from what I understand from myself and from others, when youโ€™re taking something that you havenโ€™t been, often, people that havenโ€™t been given a lot or have been neglected will take things that they maybe arenโ€™t supposed to to fulfill the need of being taken care of because they were so neglected. And so here was another situation of neglect and enough time has passed. I know the statute of limitations have run out.

Julia Sweeney: I hope so.

Debbie Millman: On being arrested. But you described feeling as high as you have ever felt in your life and that you never really had that particular feeling again.

Julia Sweeney: Wow, I love that youโ€™re talking about this. Yeah, it was really high. I am a risk taker. You know, like I can see, especially now my daughter whoโ€™s 26, whoโ€™s really not a risk taker, I can see how much of a risk taker I was. And my brother Bill was like that too. Meg was it, well, I guess maybe in some ways you could say we all were. But we got our kicks from having to conform to the world and the things we had to make ourselves do, we had an outlet for that, that was either putting ourselves at risk by like, in my case, taking the stuff that did not belong to me, or for my brother, he would do physical acts of things. He would throw himself on his bike over like a hill, like he would do crazy physical things. And now I can just see how much of a thrill, and then you get away with it. So itโ€™s like, I remember justโ€ฆ thinking at the time, like, Iโ€™m doing something for me right now. Like, and so to me that says I was doing a lot of things in my life that werenโ€™t for me really. And then I had to find some way that I did something for me.

Debbie Millman: But you were also at the same time going to church every Sunday and donating some of the money back to the church.

Julia Sweeney: I mean, if all the money Iโ€™ve given away over all these years was somehow fueled by my guilt of taking that money, I guess maybe the world is better off. I have no idea. But Iโ€ฆ And itโ€™s also the craziness of religion because of the religious dictates and how youโ€™re supposed to be and how you, itโ€™s not even what they tell you, itโ€™s how youโ€™re presenting yourself, how you feel about yourself when youโ€™re in church, youโ€™re congratulating yourself, youโ€™re imagining youโ€™re being approved by a deity for being there, youโ€™re conforming, youโ€™re literally kneeling, standing, praying, youโ€™re doing things in conformity. Thatโ€™s all of a piece. Itโ€™s like whenever I see a truly strong, law conforming religious type speak. Just, every person, except for our Pope who I love.

Debbie Millman: Pope Leo. My God, talk about risk taking.

Julia Sweeney: No, I know. I mean, I think heโ€™s the real deal in terms of wonderfulness, but oh you can feel it when you see these religious people. And I always think, what else are you doing? What are you doing behind the scenes thatโ€™s making you be like that right now? Because I always think like weโ€™re all like, an octopus who has like eight crazy things we want to do like legs, and you canโ€™t pull them all in at once. Like one of them is going to go flying out. Yeah. And I guess for me, thatโ€™s how I balanced it out by going to church. Yeah.

Debbie Millman: Well, you said that your relationship with God felt very bound up in what was happening.

Julia Sweeney: Oh yeah. Well, first of all, I thought God was telling me to do it.

Debbie Millman: Interesting.

Julia Sweeney: Not likeโ€ฆ That makes me really seem like I had lost my nutsโ€ฆ

Debbie Millman: This is a long time ago.

Julia Sweeney: I really felt like, itโ€™s so funny because Iโ€™ve evolved so much in this thinking, but at the time I thought, well, I wouldnโ€™t have had the thought of taking this money without this opportunity that came my way. And God is making sure all these opportunities are coming my way. I mean, you could spin it anyway. I mean, I could have thoughtโ€ฆ Godโ€™s testing me to see if Iโ€™ll do something even though no one would know if I did that thing. But somehow for me, it was, oh, Iโ€™m gonna do this thing because Godโ€™s showing me this opportunity. And it is unfair theyโ€™re not paying for parking and it is unfair theyโ€™re not paying for my lunch. And so I almost felt like it was directed by God in a way that way. Like I really get it when I see characters or people, how they can justify these things.

Debbie Millman: How did you, you were never caught, how did you finally stop?

Julia Sweeney: I was fired, but not for that. It turned out a lot of my fellow bartenders were dealing cocaine at the hotel, which I knew nothing about. They never said anything to me about it. I was so naive about those kinds of drugs. I didnโ€™t do those kinds of drugs. Iโ€™m sure I just presented myself as somebody you would never tell them. I donโ€™t think I seemed like a snitch or anything. Theyโ€™d have to worry about, just probably very innocent. And about those drugs, I was very innocent. And it turned out all these people were dealing drugs that I was hanging out with all the time. Like we were kind of a gang. We were going out after work. We were friends. And they put me with that. They fired all of them. And then they came in and questioned me. And I honestly said, have nothing to do. And I couldnโ€™t even believe it. They fired me along with all of them somehow justifiably. I was working as an accountant anyway in the daytime, so it didnโ€™t matter if I had that job. But I was upset that I didnโ€™t know about the cocaine. Like I could, I felt so betrayed by those guys. Not that I would have done it, but that I thought we were so close.

Debbie Millman: Isnโ€™t it interesting how much we donโ€™t know about people

Julia Sweeney: Yeah, and then, and I was so disillusioned by everything. It was like theyโ€ฆ Like for three years, they never even said anything about it. Or I didnโ€™t pick up on it.

Debbie Millman: Well, interestingly, if they did follow your career and found out from listening to Ira Glass or Mark Maron that you had done that, they might have had the same feeling. Like she was doing all that and she didnโ€™t share it with us.

Julia Sweeney: I actually think they also were doing that. But I donโ€™t. I never talked to them about it.

Debbie Millman: You did finally get your coveted job as an accountant at Columbia Pictures. But when you were 25, you read an ad for a company called The Groundlings. And they were offering classes for non-professionals. Tell us what The Groundlings is slash was and why you signed up.

Julia Sweeney: Well, The Groundlings that Iโ€™m still very involved with is an improv comedy group in LA thatโ€™s been around since 1974. And one of their founding members is like Lorraine Newman, who ended up on SNL, one of the first cast of SNL, whoโ€™s now a good friend. I was working as an accountant. Oh, they had come to me and said, weโ€™ll send you to either law school or to get an MBA, but then you really have to sign on to the company, know, because theyโ€™re gonna pay for that. And I remember driving to work crying thinking, Iโ€™m so honored, but I donโ€™t like this job. Like itโ€™s not fun for me. I donโ€™t want to be better at being an accountant. I have no interest in getting better at this. So then I read a review of the Groundlings and I hadnโ€™t even seen the Groundlings, but it said, you know, non- professionals like it, cause a lot, actually Iโ€™m trying to convince my daughter to take an improv class at the Groundlings. Sheโ€™s a gaming coder, but itโ€™s like, itโ€™s good for everyone to take improv. And so I went down and I interviewed and I got in a class and I immediately knew that I wanted to be in comedy. It was just, oh yes, I have to completely change my life. Like this has to happen now. And then I had Phil Hartman as a teacher, we became good friends. I met my first real friends at the Groundlings. Like Iโ€™m still friends with these friends. Itโ€™s like what most people who had a great college experience, thatโ€™s my Groundlings. Iโ€™m still in their lives, Iโ€™ve still followed all of them. Theyโ€™ve followed me four times a year. I have a Groundling alumni party, I see a lot of them. Soโ€ฆ I found my home with the Groundlings and then the Groundlings was a feeder to Saturday Night Live. So I immediately started on the track of trying to get on Saturday Night Live through the Groundlings.

Debbie Millman: But you said you werenโ€™t very good at first and even failed the first level.

Julia Sweeney: I did. I failed the first level.

Debbie Millman: How does somebody get better at being funny?

Julia Sweeney: Oh, thereโ€™s a lot of ways. Having a baseline comedic view of the world, I donโ€™t know if you can teach that. Although you might, butโ€ฆ some people I now realize just arenโ€™t gonna look the world that way. So that I donโ€™t know if you can be taught, but you can absolutely taught how to be funny. There are rules, thereโ€™s some rules of surprise. Thereโ€™s improv rules of going along with the premise and then bringing information in this way. Thereโ€™s tools like they have like change the stage picture, have a big emotional response, just start crying or start laughing and then justify it as you go with something byโ€ฆ Comedyโ€™s a lot about surprise and unexpected points of view, and you can 100 % learn that.

Debbie Millman: How did you get better? Was it through learning, through working?

Julia Sweeney: Yes, through the groundlings. It was just the 10,000 hours of being on stage and being bad a lot of the time and then, and being around other people who are good, watching a lot of comedy. And also, I wonโ€™t say that I had an innate proclivity for it, but it definitely is likeโ€ฆ music or something, like you have to be able to hear the notes, but you can be trained to be good at it. I think itโ€™s the same with comedy.

Debbie Millman: So you were at the same time working as an accountant and going to study at the Groundlings and performing and building your comedic talent. How did you get the audition for Saturday Night Live?

Julia Sweeney: Well, SNL people would come all the time. So John Lovitz had just gotten on. And of course Lorraine had been on and now Iโ€™m thinking other people, but it was just a place they checked out. Mostly Second City in Chicago. Thatโ€™s where most of the people came from. Like when I was on SNL, was kind of half standup, half improv people. And theyโ€™re very different, the improv and the standup people. But we all seem to get along, but you can really tell standups have a different set of rules than improvisational comedians have. But they always looked at Second City and the Groundlings and it just seemed like for a year increasingly slightly more important people associated with Saturday Night Live would be in the audience and of course weโ€™d all hear about it and trying to do our best anyway. And then it came down to me and Cathy Griffin and Lisa Kudrow. And when, Well, itโ€™s so funny because I actually didnโ€™t include, I thought it was just me and Lisa Kudrow and then Cathy in the last few years is no, me too. And that very well may have been in my mind, my competition was Lisa Kudrow. Not that Kathy wasnโ€™t great, Kathy was great. And then when I got it, I thought, oh God, I hope that Lisa Kudrow gets something. I hope she does something with herself, because she is good, you know?

Debbie Millman: Oh, Phoebe.

Julia Sweeney: Yes, exactly.

Debbie Millman: You were at Saturday Night Live during a period with one of the most distinctive ensembles. You were there along with performers who would go on to define the decade, Mike Myers, Dana Carvey. Chris Farley, Chris Rock, Adam Sandler, Phil Hartman, John Lovitz, Kevin Nealon, David Spade, very male- centric.

Julia Sweeney: Oh yeah. And you know what makes me the saddest about that? And I talk about this with Lorraine and other people who were there with me. I was, of course, upset about it because there were so few opportunities for women, but I simultaneously completely bought into the paradigm. I did.

Debbie Millman: Well, even your most famous character is androgynous.

Julia Sweeney: Right, androgynous Pat. I thought, okay, I mean, women have come up with incredibly good characters, but I think it isnโ€™t completely an accident that an androgynous character hit with me. But also, I did not want more women there.

Debbie Millman: Why?

Julia Sweeney: Because itโ€™s competition. I mean, like for me, there was always three women. So it was Jan Hooks, Victoria Jackson, and I, which by the way, I got along great with both those women. And we both cheered each other on and put each other in stuff. We were very good with each other, but we didnโ€™t want more women there. Mean, like more women meant the few parts. It was just, what shocks me now is how much I accepted it. And I think it wasnโ€™t till Tina Fey and Amy Poehler, really Tina Fey mostly because she did the news and all that. Mean, Tina Fey is like a once in a generation talent that comes along in my mind. And sheโ€ฆ out of just unbelievable force and talent and luck, Iโ€™m sure too, but mostly her ability. And by the way, Iโ€™ve only met her one time. So I was not even like, Iโ€™m friends with her, but she changed the culture of SNL single-handedly, I think. Everything was different. And even reading her book, the Girl Boss or whatever itโ€™s called, I learned so much myself and was so embarrassed about not even thinking about doing, let alone doing.

Debbie Millman: Again, totally different time.

Julia Sweeney: Yeah.

Debbie Millman: Like I just saw there were even three women on a show with that large a cast, with that many famous men was pretty revolutionary. And your character was so revolutionary. So Pat first began in A Skit at the Groundlings. Yeah. How did Pat first come to you?

Julia Sweeney: Well, when I had worked as an accountant, I worked with somebody who was very much like Pat. Which now I realize was probably autistic or on the spectrum. I did not have any words for that. I just thought, first of all, I really liked this guy. It was a guy. I later incorporated qualities of a woman and another guy into this guy, because there was another person who was very influential in the past. But the initial idea was this guy. It was a guy. And I was just going to do it as a guy. And by the way, like when I see like Kate McKinnon do all these, like now the women routinely play guys. I wouldnโ€™t have even have thought of that.

Debbie Millman: Yeah, but you started that.

Julia Sweeney: Yeah, okay, well.

Debbie Millman: Julia, you do have to give yourself some credit

Julia Sweeney: Well, I guess I did think initially Iโ€™ll just play it as a guy. And then I thought, oh no, you canโ€™t play it as a guy. Then.

Debbie Millman: Nobody knew.

Julia Sweeney: Yeah, nobody knew. Then I thought, well, letโ€™s just make that we donโ€™t know if itโ€™s a man or a woman. I actually thought that was a side joke. I thought the joke was how annoying Pat was. And that Pat. Stood too close and asked you too many questions too close and didnโ€™t pick up on social cues and drooled a lot. I mean, really, when I think of it, itโ€™s like completely offensive. You never do that now. But I just thought that was funny. And by the way, it was funny because I couldnโ€™t get away from this person. They worked right next to me and I couldnโ€™t get away from them. All day I had to deal with this person. So that was funny to me. So to me, it was like annoying coworker. And maybe you donโ€™t know if itโ€™s a man or a woman. And thenโ€ฆ that of course got the biggest laugh when I did it at the Groundlings. And I was like, oh, well, thatโ€™s easy. Weโ€™ll just write a few jokes about if itโ€™s a man or a woman. And then that of course became the whole thing. So it kind of evolved into that.

Debbie Millman: Once Pat moved into a platform like Saturday Night Live, what changed in how the character was, or did anything change in how the character was written or performed?

Julia Sweeney: Well, first I had the, I was lucky enough to have the most incredible writing staff coming up with ideas too. So first it was Christine Zander and I, we actually wrote every Pat sketch, but we had a lot of assist from a lot of incredible writers and Cheryl Hardwick, was running the band helped come up with the theme song. So I had a huge benefit. I mean, by people coming up with really funny ideas and our ideas. And then Pat did become a little more transgressive, a little more androgynous. It was little more aboutโ€ฆ Well, that was interesting to me to challenge the idea of male-female stuff. So like by the time it became that, it was like, yeah, well, why are haircuts? Why do they cost different for men and women? And why are these products on the shelves at the drug store for women twice as much as the ones for men and theyโ€™re the same product? So there was a lot of things that were kind of political and about gender that I did care about. And then it did become a little more like that about androgyny itself.

Debbie Millman: You spent four seasons at Saturday Night Live. When you think about leaving or when you were thinking about leaving, did it feel like something ending or something beginning? Because you went on to do so many more interesting things. Not that that wasnโ€™t interesting.

Julia Sweeney: Love the way youโ€™re framing this because in my mind I say it, I tell myself the story so different.

Debbie Millman: Oh really?

Julia Sweeney: Yeah.

Debbie Millman: Well Iโ€™ve read all your memoirs, Iโ€™ve seen all your shows. It sort of feels to me looking at the outside. Mean, the average length of a tenure at Saturday Night Live is about four years or so.

Julia Sweeney: Well, then, now people stay a lot longer. Then the maximum was five years. Well, first I left before the end of my contract. I remember my representative saying, donโ€™t leave till you have something else lined up.

Debbie Millman: Well, you had done the movie. You had started working.

Julia Sweeney: The movie. Then the movie was a big bomb. My brother got sick. That was kind of the beginning of myโ€ฆ sort of seeing through show business. Like it wasnโ€™t that exciting to me anymore. I am missing this kind of drive to really make it in a big mainstream way in me because for good reasons and bad reasons. I mean, like Iโ€™m not even making a judgment about it. I just donโ€™t, I can see other people that had this drive to really go create the show for themselves that I just didnโ€™t have. You know, like I really didnโ€™t have that. But yeah, I did end up getting cast on things and yeah, it all turned out fine. But I look back and think about the opportunities I had that I really just threw away. I didnโ€™t follow up on them. Or like, I took like six months out of two years each year to just travel around the world mostly by myself before I adopted my daughter. At the time when I, like I didnโ€™t realize that all the opportunities were gonna go away for like creating a show of my own. Like there was a very small window for that, that I see now. And Iโ€™m not even regretful, my life turned out great, but Iโ€™m just shocked at myself that I was walking around that much opportunity and I was just throwing it away right and left.

Debbie Millman: Well, I mean, immediately after the filmโ€™s release, and I think itโ€™s interesting looking at a life from two different perspectives, the person whoโ€™s living it, the person whoโ€™s viewing it. But immediately after the filmโ€™s release, your brother was diagnosed with cancer. Then you were diagnosed with cancer. So you had taken your earnings from Saturday Night Live, bought a house in Los Angeles, two bedroom, I believe, two bedroom house.

Julia Sweeney: Iโ€™m still there.

Debbie Millman: Yep. Your entire family moved into the little house that you bought with your savings in a house you intended to be a private sanctuary to help care for first your brother and then you. So the idea of judging yourself during that time feels a little harsh, but you know.

Julia Sweeney: Okay, good. Guess, I mean, I donโ€™t, itโ€™s more like Iโ€™m 66 now and itโ€™s sort of like, I feel like you start waking up in your sixties and going. Why did I do that? What motivated that?

Debbie Millman: I actually had a friend recently say, wait, what is the story youโ€™re telling yourself about your 20s? Can I just remind you of this and this and this? Isnโ€™t that great? Yeah, I wasnโ€™t such a failure maybe. Totally get it.

Julia Sweeney: So thank you.

Debbie Millman: Well, also I think looking at The ways in which youโ€™ve developed your craft, the one-woman shows, the films, the books, the other TV opportunities that youโ€™ve had, that seems pretty, they seem pretty amazing to me and as somebody thatโ€™s sort of lived in your life the last couple of months working on this, you know, you use these real life experiences to create material that resonates, thatโ€™s really real in a very different way than your work was on Saturday Night Live.

Julia Sweeney: Oh yeah, definitely.

Debbie Millman: You started performing monologues at Uncabaret in Los Angeles, which has a really interesting way of presenting monologue. It has to be different every time, new material. So you started performing at Uncabaret stories about your family, stories about what you were experiencing, and those monologues became part of a larger effort that became a one-woman show you titled God Said Ha. Which was about what youโ€™d intended for that time to be and what that time ended up being. What was that like to see those experiences turn into monologues, then a one-woman show, then a one-woman show that was at the Lyceum Theater on Broadway, then a film, then a memoir? How do you translate that material into such distinct entities?

Julia Sweeney: Well, first of all, it wasnโ€™t that distinct. It was pretty much the same material over and over again. But secondlyโ€ฆ

Debbie Millman: Put in different formats that felt veryโ€ฆ the different formats still feltโ€ฆ

Julia Sweeney: Yes. And there was a pilot in there. We even had a pilot for a TV show. Didnโ€™t go, but likeโ€ฆ Yeah, I mean, I guess what I have to say about that now is thereโ€™s this double-edged swordโ€ฆ Well, first of Iโ€™m so glad I did that because I would have forgotten all those things about my family. If I hadnโ€™t been doing the UnCab and they werenโ€™t recording it, which I was like barely aware they were recording it, I would have forgotten 80 % of the crazy shit that went down. Like, I really would not have remembered it. And I was so thankful to Beth and Greg who were running the Uncap who they gave me all these tapes of myself. Like Iโ€™d forgotten so many things that had happened during that whole cancer year, that terrible time. So if I hadnโ€™t turned it into a show and then a book and then a Broadway show and then a stage, then big TV pilot, blah, blah, blah, I wouldnโ€™t have remembered all those things. On the other hand, turning all that stuff into a narrative almost, hijacks your memory, your authentic memory of things. I mean, I guess the alternative is forgetting about it. So thatโ€™s not good. Although sometimes I think it is good. It becomes, because we all know how the brain works, what you remember is what you repeat. So even though everything I said in that was true, I obviously rearranged it to be a dramatic narrative that built and then had a crescendo and so forth. So I had toโ€ฆ Like Iโ€™d always say, everythingโ€™s true, but not necessarily in the order Iโ€™m telling it. And now I just remember what I wrote. Like that time, what I remember is telling the story on stage, not the actual memory.

Debbie Millman: Itโ€™s probably easier that way given it was about cancer.

Julia Sweeney: Yeah. Itโ€™s just a reminder of how ephemeral life is because it would have gone away. I wouldnโ€™t have remembered it. Iโ€™m glad I remembered it, but then even the remembrance of it isnโ€™t exactly how it went. Now I just remember the telling of it, which is a different thing. And thatโ€™s how life is, and thatโ€™s how itโ€™s gonna keep going, and then Iโ€™ll vanish, and then everything will vanish around me. The world will continue on.

Debbie Millman I was thinking about, somebody had written about how they wonder who the last person on earth will be that will remember their name. And I thought that was so profound.

Julia Sweeney: Yeah, it is. Well, I keep, in fact, Iโ€™ve had to tell myself to stop saying this because Iโ€™ve been saying, Iโ€™ve been going around going, in a hundred years, no oneโ€™s gonna know you ever existed. In a hundred years, no one, no oneโ€™s gonna think of you in a hundred years. Do you know how short a hundred years is? Babies born right now who are gonna end up being a hundred, by the time they die, no one on earth is gonna know anything about you.

Debbie Millman: One word. Well, two words. The internet.

Julia Sweeney: Yes. All of your work lives on the internet. Okay, but I have this new idea.

Debbie Millman: Tell me.

Julia Sweeney: I want to erase myself completely from the world by the time I die.

Debbie Millman: Why?

Julia Sweeney: Because I donโ€™t like that.

Debbie Millman: You donโ€™t like that youโ€™ve left these remnants of yourself?

Julia Sweeney: No, I donโ€™t. I feel like itโ€™s private. Like I didnโ€™t, when I was doing these things and starting out and there wasnโ€™t an internet, I was just somebody telling stories in a theater. And then yes, it became a film. So on some level I understood that and a book that I understood that, but itโ€™s not like a book thatโ€™s gonna live forever. Itโ€™s not, know, Cervantes writing Don Quixote or something. I mean, itโ€™s just something thatโ€™s gonna be around and then go away. And then the internet, this permanent record, I just donโ€™t like it. Like I really, sometimes I see those ads where they can go and wipe you away from the internet. Itโ€™s like, sign me up, man. Like I just wanna, Iโ€ฆ Itโ€™s not that Iโ€™m not proud of what I did. I guess I just feel thereโ€™s a part of me that just feels like, no, no, Iโ€™m gonna vanish. And I donโ€™t like the idea of things about me hanging around after Iโ€™m gone.

Debbie Millman: What about your daughter?

Julia Sweeney: Well, sheโ€™ll remember me and her, I hope, and who the person she becomes is influenced by me in a positive way. It doesnโ€™t even have to be memories of actually me. It can be just the way she sees things or does things or how she treats people. I know I sound like so, I can just hear myself, I sound so sanctimonious. I donโ€™t know, thereโ€™s something about me that doesnโ€™t like it.

Debbie Millman: Well, in God Said Ha, your belief in God is still present. Maybe this has something to do with back to religion, but in God Said Ha, your belief in God is still very much present. Itโ€™s part of the world youโ€™re living in, but by your next one-woman show, Letting Go of God, youโ€™re really examining belief itself, which seems like youโ€™re still doing in a lot of ways. How are you feeling about the notion of God and religion now?

Julia Sweeney: Weโ€™re gonna have to do this podcast for a really long time because I have so much to say about that. And my bottom line is I really did believe in God and I needed to believe in God. And I understand the benefits of people who need to believe in God becauseโ€ฆ My one sentence thing is that itโ€™s an imaginary loving force thatโ€™s watching you and knows you. We want to be known. We create this fantasy figure that knows us and watches over us. And that is 100 % beneficial, especially if you didnโ€™t get that from actual people. Okay, so I didnโ€™t really get that from actual people, but I got it from God. Okay, and then I really relied on God and I really loved the idea of God and I wanted to be a nun. I loved the Catholic church. And then I had a few religious experiences, I would say. And then I had a religious experience where I had a big breakup and I couldnโ€™t get over it for a really long time and I was crying a lot and really at my wits end and just huge grief over this relationship ending. And I thought God really came to me in the middle of a night. And now I realize it was probably this prefrontal seizure or whatever they call it that happened, but I felt like a light came in the room and said youโ€™re gonna be okay It was a loving feeling all great, but then another part of my brain was like what happened? What was that? So then I started on like two years of what was that and at the end of two years you can go watch letting go of God if you want to know the play by play I realized I couldnโ€™t believe that there is a God but and I could understand why people believed and I could understand why it could be beneficial to believe and I all that stuff, but I couldnโ€™t believe anymore. So then I had to live in a world without God. And actually I think thatโ€™s a more beautiful world and itโ€™s a more realistic world and I think itโ€™s a truer world. That being said, Iโ€™ve rejoined the Catholic Church.

Debbie Millman: This is something I didnโ€™t know.

Julia Sweeney: No, itโ€™s only happened since November.

Debbie Millman: Why and how?

Julia Sweeney: Okay, Iโ€™m still an atheist. I canโ€™t imagine that changing. I just know too much about it. I donโ€™t even have a motivation for that to change. That being said, the comfort that I feel completely from it coming from my childhood, I was just telling my husband today, one of the great things about going to mass is that I canโ€™t be on my phone for an hour. Like just sitting there in a beautiful space, the church I go to is very beautiful, with candles lit and incense and saying words that are ridiculous. But that are familiar to me and Iโ€™m chanting them with a group and the music, come on, it canโ€™t be beat. It just canโ€™t be beat. And I just have accepted that Iโ€™m gonna go to this church and I look forward to it and I love it. And somehow because this particular church doesnโ€™t do their masses in English. Itโ€™s Korean, Filipino and Spanish. How fabulous. Then a little English. Yeah, no, itโ€™s a great church. Even though itโ€™s a very conservative church, they have a lot of right to life stuff going on there. And somehow before when I visited that church, I was so upset about that, I couldnโ€™t go back. And now Iโ€™m just like, okay, I disagree with so much here. Thatโ€™s just one of the things. And hearing things said in a different language is helpful. I know I said to Michael, my husband, they never should have changed the mass from Latin because I would have still gone all the way because I get very tripped up by hearing the words.

Debbie Millman: I actually went to a mass. I visited my wifeโ€™s sister-in-law and her niece, and she was in a play, fantastic play, back in 2025. And they go to church every Sunday as a family. And I went with them. Iโ€™m Jewish. But I really wanted to be with them and spend as much time with them as I could. And this is something really important that they do every week for their family. And I have to tell you, the singing, the joy, the being kind to each other, which was so much of what this was about. It really wasnโ€™t so much about a higher power as it was about each personโ€™s ability to be the highest they could be in the world with kindness and generosity and giving. Like it really felt, not that I want to convert at all, but there was something about the notion of being the best we could possibly be to each other, which felt like if this is what our leaders are talking about, you know, being good Christians. I was like, maybe go to church and see what theyโ€™re saying to really remind yourselves of what that means. Cause itโ€™s not about fighting and itโ€™s not about taking away from others. Itโ€™s about actually For me, it felt very spiritual. And I still am a science person. Iโ€™m still like, where did the helium and the hydrogen come from? Letโ€™s talk about that as our origin story, and then there was light. In any case, do you feel that coming back to the church is changing how you feel spiritually about your life?

Julia Sweeney: Well, first of all, I hate that word spiritual because I think itโ€™s just corrupt all the way around. Was just thinking, canโ€™t you say something like profound or meaningful?

Debbie Millman: Like magic. Well, in a good way, like in a good way.

Julia Sweeney: Magic in the non superstitious way or the non magic in the way where there is an explanation for how it happens. I am more, I donโ€™t know. Itโ€™s like, I donโ€™t even think of it that way. I think of it as the human condition. What helps the human condition? What are we drawn to? Obviously ritual and thinking about a higher power thing, coming together, music, repetitive gestures have been a balm and a soothing thing and a community strengthening thing from the beginning, any kind of tribe. All those things are part of it. That is a big part of the human connection and condition. And to not have that is kind of cheating myself out of a human legacy that has been corrupted and manipulated and part of a dominance power structure and all that kind of stuff, but has also been an advancing wonderful thing too. And Iโ€™m just going to not overthink it. Iโ€™m just gonna go enjoy it. And yes, Iโ€™m gonna laugh about it and Iโ€™m gonna be angry about certain parts of it. And sad about certain parts of it, but Iโ€™m also gonna see whatโ€™s great about it.

Debbie Millman: And that they all greet themselves there with, peace be with you.

Julia Sweeney: Oh, I know, I love that. Peace and all the peace.

Debbie Millman: Please, thatโ€™s what we need, peace.

Julia Sweeney: And also Iโ€™ve been doing this Bible Studies Academy thing. Anyway, Iโ€™ve been studying the Bible really closely for the last couple years. And now Iโ€™m in the middle of this big like 47 class thing that Iโ€™m doing online about the first two centuries of Christianity, which by the way is so screwed up. Thereโ€™s so many screwed up things about it and who won out this idea over this person and how much got changed and how much retroactively got changed in the gospels. I mean, itโ€™s hard to know what was even there to begin with. Still in all the attraction of those groups to be together and saying, peace be with you. Those things were always there. And that is really powerful to me, that that feeling was there.

Debbie Millman: After Letting Go of God, your work continues to evolve. Itโ€™s continued to evolve. Itโ€™s moving away from a single defining crisis into something broader, time-aging perspective. And in your most recent show, Older and Wider, greatest name of all time for a show, youโ€™re no longer working through one central event. Youโ€™re drawing from a lifetime of experience. What has changed for you in how youโ€™ve decided what belongs in a piece?

Julia Sweeney: Well, Iโ€™m not deciding that anymore, because Iโ€™m not doing that anymore.

Debbie Millman: Youโ€™re not going to do any more warm women shows?

Julia Sweeney: No. Well, I donโ€™t think so. I hate to speak for my future self.

Debbie Millman: You havenโ€™t done it in a while.

Julia Sweeney: No, no, Iโ€™m really done. When I did Older and Wider, first of all, thereโ€™s physical limitations to it.

Debbie Millman: I donโ€™t know how you memorize all of that.

Julia Sweeney: Iโ€™m not worried about the memorizing. My voice doesnโ€™t hold up. Canโ€™t, I mean, I could do something maybe on the internet or something, but then I donโ€™t want it. I donโ€™t like social media. I donโ€™t like that whole, Iโ€™m not, I really donโ€™t like it. Itโ€™s like, itโ€™s not fun to be famous anymore. Itโ€™s like, for some time it was kind of fun. And now like the followers and the responses and who noticed what you said. And I just canโ€™t. And you have to do that if youโ€™re doing stage performance. And then that, along with my voice not holding out, then I think when my mom died, I realized I didnโ€™t care about being fam- I donโ€™t like the word famous. I didnโ€™t care about being notable anymore. Like I just didnโ€™t want to be notable person.

Debbie Millman: Well, maybe you just are intrinsically notable now.

Julia Sweeney: Thatโ€™s right.

Debbie Millman: No, truly.

Julia Sweeney: No, but I guess I just, I donโ€™t know. I like it when, if people- I just bought a book and I just was in Spokane and thereโ€™s Auntieโ€™s bookstore there and I love it. And I bought a few books there and a guy was telling me about letting go of God and he watches it every year with his family and how it means so much. And of course I laughed and said, you know I have joined a Catholic church now that I go to every Sunday. Things have changed.

Debbie Millman: I have a feeling there might be a show in that, Julia, just saying to your future self.

Julia Sweeney: So thatโ€™s meaningful to me, 100%. Thatโ€™s meaningful to me. But I got off on people. Knowing me as a sparkly special person. And I donโ€™t care about that anymore. And I like to observe the world and itโ€™s an impediment to observing the world because you have people noticing you and then they wanna tell you something about you and then youโ€™re not even getting a good version of them or an accurate one. Thatโ€™s been a big heartbreak over the years. A lot of people finding out that they didnโ€™t treat other people the way they treated me because I was a sparkly, notable person, but if you werenโ€™t a sparkly, notable person, they really, turns out they werenโ€™t such great people. Thatโ€™s been heartbreaking. And then it just makes me wary of all people. You know, I just feel like, okay, can I just live another 25 years where I just sit at the bus stop and watch everyone go by?

Debbie Millman: Well, you have still continued working in some television. You were on the show Shrill with Aidy Bryant. Most recently you appeared on Work in Progress, which was absolutely magnificent.

Julia Sweeney: Oh my god, Abby, sheโ€™s so funny.

Debbie Millman: Now, it also, the show plays with autobiography, identity, and narrative, very direct ways, and this also created a full circle moment regarding your character, Pat. What was that experience like for you?

Julia Sweeney: Well, itโ€™s kind of funny, because you know, thereโ€™s this documentary about Pat thatโ€™s coming out this summer, I think on Showtime. Iโ€™m not sure where they sold it, but anyway. That I was participating in. I had, you know, when I created Pat, first of I was so naive about the, I mean, I used the word androgyny in it, so I knew that word, but I didnโ€™t know about the non-binary community. There wasnโ€™t that word then. I knew obviously about the gay community. Iโ€™m in theater and lots of my friends are gay. Like that part wasnโ€™t a shocking thing to me, but that there was a whole group of people for which this was going to be a complicated. Sometimes in a good way, sometimes in a bad way character, I was completely unaware of until Abby, well, like when I met Abby and she said, people used to think she looked like Pat and then people would call her Pat and derogatorily and that was really upsetting. And I was shocked by that. And then part of me was like, well, why was it upset? Because I like Pat. You know, like, so why isnโ€™t it great that somebody calls you Pat? But then I thought, yeah, but it is true. There were things about Pat that were obviously not flattering for anyone. So it was just a big education for me. And Iโ€™m actually so thankful to Abby and the people who made the documentary because mostly itโ€™s like the education of Julia, you know, for me, like where Iโ€™m like, oh yeah, oh wow. Oh, I never really thought about that. And in a way, I feel like both of those projects that caused me to both feel kind of frustrated with myself that I wasnโ€™t a little more enlightened when I created that, well, I probably wouldnโ€™t have created the character, you know, but also defending myself a little bit because I actually, I am a big promoter of androgyny. Like, like, I think thereโ€™s like a gender apartheid in our culture that I donโ€™t like. I think there should be a lot more, there should, I always just thinkโ€ฆ Letโ€™s just bring down the gender needs to in any way, which actually kind of challenges like the trans community presentation of gender and all that stuff. I just wish weโ€™d just bring it all down 80%. Like can men and women just be like 20 % different from each other, not 80 % different from each other? And that I always felt. So Iโ€™m proud that I always felt that. Just instinctively I felt that. And that is a part of Pat. But then a lot of it was just like, God, Julia. Just, itโ€™s embarrassing. So itโ€™s been a big education for me and Iโ€™m so thankful for it. Iโ€™m so thankful to Abby and to the documentarians that they made it, even though I donโ€™t know if I come off that great. But thatโ€™s because I was kind of naive about it and I kind of didnโ€™t know what was going on. And I donโ€™t blame myself for that because I wouldnโ€™t have. But once Pat became really popular, I didnโ€™t pursue it that much. Like, Katy Lang, who loved Pat and weโ€™d talk about Pat, why didnโ€™t that make me really see that world in a deeper way? Mean, partly maybe itโ€™s because Iโ€™m not gay or I, but I guess I had almost like a philosophical idea about gender that was admirable, but I didnโ€™t get to know the communities at all. Like I didnโ€™t spend time with people or get to know their lived experiences in a way that I really regret.

Debbie Millman: Well, I think that the opportunity to have these conversations in a way that is so open and so vulnerable making is so important to people to hear what you have to say about the creation of this character, your evolution of thinking. It was a time in our society and in our culture where thatโ€™s a lot of how people thought about things. And that was both something that was socialized and taught behavior. But also an opportunity to expand what we now all think and feel. I didnโ€™t come out until I was 50 because I was so afraid of how I would be judged and I didnโ€™t want to be othered and that was my own homophobia and Iโ€™m gay. So, I mean, these are the ways in which people of a certain age at a certain time live their lives. And what a gift now to be able to talk about this in this open way. Where we do have the opportunity to show people, in fact, how far weโ€™ve come.

Julia Sweeney: Yeah, it is true. I have to say, when it comes to not just marriage equality, but the gay rights and acceptance, which is so huge for all humanity and needs to keep happening in other places where it hasnโ€™t come as far, is really one of the greatest advancements, probably in my lifetime, it will end up being.

Debbie Millman: We are here at the TED conference, the final TED conference in Vancouver, Canada. The show is moving to California next year. You are the closing, you are the closer.

Julia Sweeney: Iโ€™m the closer.

Debbie Millman: Can you give us a little bit of a hint as to what you will be talking about?

Julia Sweeney: Well, no, I donโ€™t because I havenโ€™t seen anything yet. So every, all my material comes from watching all the talks. And fortunately, my husband, whoโ€™s really funny, heโ€™s the quietest guy, you can barely hear him. Really only I can hear him. We always joked that if there was a fire in the house, no one would know about it. Heโ€™d be screaming his head off and no one would hear it.

Debbie Millman: Oh Fingers crossed that doesnโ€™t happen.

Julia Sweeney: He whispers funny things to me and Iโ€™m funny too. So like even this morning, I donโ€™t know if this will make it because we were going, all of us. A few of us. And then I was thinking, the chosen ones. And then I was thinking maybe the area in front of the stage, the chosen ones. The choosy ones. And then we were just, so thatโ€™s something, we just are looking at things and I really want to try to come up with something for Chris Anderson who I love so much and has been such a lovelyโ€ฆ fan of mine and wanting me to come. And I just love TED and Iโ€™m so honored that they like me. And I do feel like I do a good job. And I do feel like I look at TED in the way they want to be looked at, which is what I agree with personally, which is itโ€™s enlightening, itโ€™s great, itโ€™s dynamic, your mindโ€™s exploding. And then thereโ€™s stuff thatโ€™s just ridiculous about it too and funny about it too. So Iโ€™m honored to do it.

Debbie Millman: I canโ€™t wait to see it. I canโ€™t wait to see it on stage. Julia Sweeney, thank you. Thank you. Thank you for making so much work that matters to me.

Julia Sweeney: Thank you.

Debbie Millman: And thank you for joining me today on Design Matters.

Julia Sweeney: You are such a lovely person to talk to.

Julia Sweeney: Thank you.

Debbie Millman: You can read more about Julia Sweeney and her most recent memoir, If Itโ€™s Not One Thing, Itโ€™s Your Mother. And you can see her four one-woman shows on numerous streaming services. This is the 21st year weโ€™ve been podcasting Design Matters, and Iโ€™d like to thank you for listening and remember, we can talk about making a difference, we can make a difference, or we can do both. Iโ€™m Debbie Millman. I look forward to talking with you again soon.


Curtis Fox: Design Matters is produced for the TED Audio Collective by Curtis Fox Productions. The interviews are usually recorded at the Masters in Branding program at the School of Visual Arts in New York City, the first and longest running branding program in the world. The editor-in-chief of Design Matters Media is Emily Weiland.